Thumbnail

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Thumbnail is a version of a small image or video, used to help recognize and organize it, serving the same role for images like normal text indexes for words. In the digital image era, visual search engines and image-organizing programs typically use thumbnails, like most modern operating systems or desktop environments, such as Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, KDE (Linux) and GNOME (Linux).

Video Thumbnail

Implementation

Thumbnails are ideally implemented on a web page as separate copies, smaller than the original image, in part because one purpose of the thumbnail on the web page is to reduce bandwidth and download time. Some web designers produce thumbnails with HTML or client-side scripts that make the user's browser shrink the image, rather than using smaller image copies. This results in no bandwidth being stored, and the visual quality of browser resizing is usually less than ideal. Showing important parts of the image and not the full frame can allow the use of smaller thumbnails while retaining the ability to be recognized. For example, when photographing a person's whole body portrait, it may be better to show a slightly less face than an obscure figure. However, this can mislead viewers about what's on the image, so it's more suitable for artistic presentations than search or catalog search.

In 2002, the court in the case of the US Kelly v. Arriba Soft Corporation decided that it was fair use for Internet search engines to use thumbnail images to help web users find what they were looking for.

Maps Thumbnail

Etymology

The word "thumbnail" is a reference to the human thumbnail and alludes to the small size of the image or image, proportional to the size of the human thumbnail. Although the earliest use of the word in this sense dates from the 17th century, the American Heritage Dictionary of Idioms is reported to have documented that the phrase first appeared in the mid-19th century to refer to the 'thumbnail size image'. The word is then used figuratively, in both nouns and adjectives, to refer to something small or concise, like a biographical essay. The use of the word "thumbnail" in the specific context of a computer image as 'a small graphical representation, such as a larger graph, page layout, etc.' seems to have been used first in the 1980s.

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Dimensions

• The Denver Public Library's Digitization and Cataloging Program generates 160 pixel thumbnails in long dimensions.
• The California Digital Library for Digital Pictures Guide recommends 150-200 pixels per dimension.
• Australian images require a 150 pixel thumbnail in long dimensions.
• The Dunhuang International Project Standard for Digitalization and Image Management sets a high of 96 pixels at 72 ppi.
• DeviantArt automatically generates a maximum thumbnail of 150 pixels in the long dimension.
• Flickr automatically generates thumbnails that are at most 240 pixels in length, or 75 × 75 pixels smaller. This also applies unsharp mask to them.
• Picasa automatically generates thumbnails that are a maximum size of 144 pixels in the long dimension, or 160 × 160 pixels of the album thumbnail.

The term vignette is sometimes used to describe images smaller than the original, larger than thumbnails, but not more than 250 pixels in length.

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Mini thumbnail sketch

Art directors, storyboard artists and graphic designers, as well as other types of visual artists, use the term "thumbnail sketch" to describe small images on paper (usually part of a group) used to explore ideas quickly. The thumbnail sketch is similar to a doodle, but may include details as much as a small sketch. A brief "thorough" sketch of a print project, approximately to the final size, often referred to as "comp", and can be very detailed with production information.

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See also

• Image manager
• Print contacts, cinematic movies from thumbnails
• Thumbshot

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References

Source of the article : Wikipedia