Pay-per-view ( PPV ) is a type of paid television service in which customers from a television service provider can purchase events for viewing through private broadcasts. Announcer shows the event at the same time to everyone who orders it (compared to a demand-based video system, which allows viewers to view recorded broadcasts at any time). Events can be purchased using on-screen guides, automated telephone systems, or through direct customer service representatives. Events often include feature films, sporting events, and other entertainment programs. With the advent of the Internet, the term pay-per-view Internet (iPPV) has been used to describe pay-per-view services accessed online. PPV is most often used to distribute combat sports events, such as boxing, mixed martial arts, and sports entertainment such as professional wrestling.
Video Pay-per-view
United States
History
The earliest pay-per-view form is closed-circuit television, also known as theatrical television, where live boxing is broadcast live to certain places, mostly cinemas, where viewers pay for tickets to watch the game live. The first fight with closed circuit broadcast is Joe Louis vs. Joe Walcott in 1948. The closed circuit culminated in popularity with Muhammad Ali in the 1960s and 1970s, with the bout "The Rumble in the Jungle" drawing 50 million worldwide buying in 1974, and "Thrilla in Manila" attracted 100 Ã, million purchases worldwide in 1975. Closed-circuit television gradually replaced by pay-per-view home telephones in the 1980s and 1990s.
The Zenith Phonevision system became the first home-pay-per-view system tested in the United States. Developed in 1951, it uses telephone lines to pick up and receive orders, as well as to decipher television broadcast signals. Field trials conducted for Phonevision lasted for 90 days and were tested in Chicago, Illinois. The system uses IBM punch cards to decompose broadcast signals during "off-time" broadcast stations. Both systems show promise, but the Federal Communications Commission denied permission to operate.
The first pay-per-view home television broadcast is Floyd Patterson vs. Ingemar Johansson rematches in 1960, when 25,000 TelePrompTer subscribers sent $ 2 to watch Patterson regain his heavyweight title. The third Patterson-Johansson game in 1961 was later seen by 100,000 pay-cable subscribers. Muhammad Ali had several fights on early pay-per-view home television, including Cassius Clay vs. Doug Jones in 1963, and Muhammad Ali vs. Sonny Liston who drew 250,000 purchases on cable television in 1964.
One of the earliest pay-per-view systems on cable television, Channel 100 developed by Optical Systems, first started service in 1972 in San Diego, California through Mission Cable (later acquired by Cox Communications) and TheaterVisioN, which operating out of Sarasota, Florida. This early system quickly went out of business, as the cable industry adopted satellite technology and as a flat pay TV service such as the Home Box Office (HBO) became popular.
Professional boxing was introduced to pay-per-view cable television with Thrilla in Manila between Muhammad Ali and Joe Frazier in September 1975 (also transmitted via HBO); there was also another major title fight that aired on pay-per-view in 1980, when Roberto DurÃÆ'¡n beat Sugar Ray Leonard. Cable companies offer matches for $ 10, and about 155,000 subscribers are paid to watch the fight.
Major pay-per-view events occurred on September 16, 1981, when Sugar Ray Leonard fought Thomas "Hitman" Hearns for the World Welterweight Championship. Viacom Cablevision in Nashville, Tennessee - the first system to offer the event - saw more than 50 percent of its customers buy this game. Leonard visited Nashville to promote the fight, and the event proved so successful that Viacom used his annual report for that year around him. Viacom's marketing director, Pat Thompson, brings together the fight, and then collects additional PPV battles, wrestling matches, and even Broadway shows on television.
After leaving Viacom, Thompson became head of Sports View and produced the first pay-per-view soccer game on October 16, 1983, an inter-university soccer game between the University of Tennessee and the University of Alabama from Birmingham, Alabama. Sports View plays a role in building pay-per-view networks, and has been a pioneer in developing TigerVision for Louisiana State University, TideVision for Alabama and UT Vol Seat for Tennessee. Sports View also produced an Ohio State-Michigan football game for pay-per-view in November 1983.
In 1985, the first pay-per-view television channel in the United States - Audience Options (now in Demand), Cable Video Store, First Choice and TV Request - start operating within a few days of each other. Choice Viewers serve satellite subscribers and home satellite channels, while Request TV, although broadcasting to cable viewers, will not be available to satellite subscribers until the 1990s. First Choice PPVs are available at Rogers Cablesystems in the United States and Canada. After Paragon Cable acquired the Rogers Cablesystems franchise in San Antonio, Texas, First Choice continued to run until Time Warner Cable bought Paragon in 1996. In the United States, pay-per-view broadcasts broadcast without advertising, similar to conventional flat rates. pay television service.
The term "pay-per-view" was not used in general until the late 1980s when companies like Audience Options, HBO and Showtime started using systems to showcase their movies and some of their productions. Audience Choices bring movies, concerts and other events, with live sporting events like WrestleMania being the most dominant program. Prices range from $ 3.99 to $ 49.99, while HBO and Showtime, with TVKO and SET Pay Per View football production shows, will offer championship boxing matches ranging from $ 14.99 to $ 54.99.
ESPN then began broadcasting college football and basketball games on pay-per-view through its ESPN GamePlan and ESPN Full Court services, which were eventually sold as out-of-market sports packages. The Latin Fury's lower boxing card, shown on 28 June 2003, became ESPN's first boxing card on pay-per-view and also the first pay-per-click boxing card held in Puerto Rico. Pay-per-view has provided revenue streams for professional wrestling circuits such as WWE, Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), Ring of Honor (ROH) and Lucha Libre AAA World Wide (AAA).
WWE chairman and chief executive officer Vince McMahon is considered by many to be one of the pay-per-click promotional icons. McMahon has a payperview.com domain name, which redirects to the WWE Network website.
HBO PPV
In 2006, HBO generated 3.7 million pay-per-view purchases with $ 177 million in gross sales. The only year with more previous purchases, 1999, has a total of 4 million. The previous record fell in 2007 when HBO sold 4.8 million PPV purchases with $ 255 million in sales. In 2014, HBO generated 59.3 million purchases and $ 3.1 billion in revenue since its 1991 debut with Evander Holyfield-George Foreman.
1999 differs radically from 2006: 1999 to see four major battle cards: De La Hoya-Trinidad (1.4 million purchases), Holyfield-Lewis I (1.2 million), Holyfield-Lewis II (850,000) and De La Hoya- Quartey (570,000). In contrast, only one mega-war paid per-view occurred in 2006: De La Hoya-Mayorga (925,000 purchases). Rahman-Maskaev bombed under 50,000. The other eight PPV cards that year all fell in the 325,000-450,000 range. Pay-per-view fights within a range almost always generate more money for promoters and fighters than HBO wants to pay for the HBO World Championship Boxing license fee.
In May 2007, a super welterweight boxing match between Oscar De La Hoya vs. Floyd Mayweather Jr. on HBO PPV into the biggest heavyweight title contest, with slightly more than 2.5 million buyers. The fight itself generated about $ 134.4 million in domestic PPV revenues, making it the most profitable prizefight of all time at the time. The record stood until 2015 before being broken by Floyd Mayweather, Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao in the battle dubbed the "Fight of the Century" on May 2, 2015 which generated 4.6 million ppv purchases and revenues of more than $ 400 million.
The prominent appeal of PPV, Floyd Mayweather Jr. has generated about 19.5 million purchases and $ 1.3 billion in revenue. Manny Pacquiao, ranked second, has generated about 19.2 million purchases and revenues of $ 1.2 billion. Oscar De La Hoya, has "sold" about 14 million units in total, giving $ 700 million in domestic television receipts and third standing. In fourth place in the purchase, Evander Holyfield has reached 12.6 million units ($ 550 million); and in fifth, Mike Tyson has reached 12.4 million units ($ 545 million).
Ross Greenburg, then president of HBO Sports, cited the expansion of "the biggest economic problems in boxing" expansion, stating "I can not tell you that pay-per-view is helping sports because it does not hurt sports because it narrows our audience, but that's a fact of life.Whenever we try to make a HBO World Boxing Hockey fight, we fight the pay-per-view figures myth.HBO does not make a lot of money from pay-per-view.Usually there is a limit to what we can make. But promoters and fighters insist on pay-per-view because that's where their biggest advantage lies. "
"It's a big deal," Greenburg continued. "It's harder to place a fighter like Manny Pacquiao at HBO World Championship Boxing.If Floyd Mayweather beats Oscar he may never compete in the HBO World Championship Boxing again, but if HBO stops making payments, the promoter will only do [ Bob Arum with Cotto-Malignaggi in June 2006] or find someone else who will do it for them. "
Former HBO President Sports Seth Abraham agreed, saying, "I think, if Lou (DiBella) and I are still at HBO, we will be on the same pickle as far as the exodus of fighting to pay-per-view in question."
Boxing
Theater television
Choose boxing purchase price in American closed-circuit television/theater between 1951 and 2015:
Home television
Choose PPV boxing purchase rate (primarily from HBO, Showtime, and Top Rated) between 1960 and 2017: UFC (Ultimate Fighting Championship) UFC (Ultimate Fighting Championship)
Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), a newcomer in the pay-per-view scene, matches World Wrestling Entertainment Inc. which was once dominant in paid revenue during 2006 and surpassed HBO titan boxing. These three companies are the largest part of the pay-per-view business. According to Deana Myers, a senior analyst at Kagan Research LLC (which tracks the PPV industry), "UFC has revived the pay-per-view category."
The highest purchase rates for UFC in February 2017 are as follows:
SOURCE:
Note: UFC does not release official PPV statistics, and the following PPV numbers as reported by industry insiders.
Professional wrestling
Professional wrestling has a long history of running pay-per-view events. WWE (later WWF) launched its first pay-per-view event in 1985 with The Wrestling Classic and has run a large number of others throughout the year. Other large organizations such as WCW, ECW and TNA have also run pay-per-view events.
The highest purchase rate for professional wrestling events as of June 2015 is as follows:
More events
In 2015, with Fare Thee Well: Celebrating 50 Years of Grateful Dead, pay-per-view sets a new record for music events with over 400,000 subscriptions, surpassing a 1999 Backstreet Boys simulation that attracted 160,000 subscriptions.
Maps Pay-per-view
Canada
In Canada, most specialty television providers provide pay-per-view services through one or more services. In all cases, prices typically range from about C $ 4.99 (for movies) to $ 50 or more for special events.
Initially, there were three large PPV providers in Canada; Viewers Choice Canada operates in Eastern Canada as a joint venture of Astral Media, Rogers Communications, and TSN, while Western International Communications operates a separate service, also branded as Viewers Choice, which uses the brand under license after previously operating as a Home Theater.
Viewers Choice Canada is a partner in the French PPV service known as Canal Indigo, which is now wholly owned by Videotron. Bell Canada also launched a PPV service for ExpressVu television providers known as Vu! in 1999.
Home Theater was later acquired by Shaw Communications; after getting permission to operate nationally, it was re-branded as a white label PPV known internally as Shaw PPV in December 2007. In 2014, due to majority ownership of Bell Media from Viewers Choice due to Astral acquisition, and since both Bell and Rogers are now running their own in-house PPV operation (Vu! and Sportsnet PPV), Viewers Choice is closed.
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Europe
English and Irish
Viewers in the UK and Ireland can access pay-per-view via satellite, cable, and over-the-internet television services, especially for movies - with services like Sky Box Office. Broadcasters (especially PremPlus) have abandoned their aspirations to introduce PPV into the sports market due to poor extraction; in 2009 it only brought occasional boxing matches and all WWE pay-per-view events. In February 2014, WWE launched their subscription-based video streaming service, WWE Network, launched in the UK and Ireland on January 13, 2015; this will have a major impact on pay-per-view services in the UK.
Boxing
Choose pay-per-view boxing (especially from Sky Box Office as well as Primetime) between 1966 and 2018:
Romanian
Cable communications operator UPC Romania has notified the National Audiovisual Council (CNA) about its intention to introduce in January, February 2014 at the latest, a demand-based audiovisual media service called Agerpres. According to Romanian UPC manager Smaranda Radoi UPC, will allow customers to watch movies on demand or live events; as well as show broadcasts, concerts and sporting events.
Albanian
In November 2008, pay-per-view debuted in Albania via Digitalb on terrestrial television and satellite, with DigiGold channels.
French
Launched in the late 1990s, Canalsat (Cinà © Ã… ©) and TPS (Multivision) operate their own pay-per-view services. While CanalSat holds the right to conduct football matches for Ligue 1 France, TPS is entitled to Boxe matches. In 2007, Multivision services ceased at the end of TPS services that merged with Canalsat. Currently, CinÃÆ' © is the only pay-per-view service available in France.
Croatian
Fight Channel broadcast martial arts events organized by the world's leading battle organizations, such as UFC, K-1, HBO Boxing, Dream, Glory WS, World Series of Boxing etc., and its pay-per-view services cover the Balkan region.
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South America
Per country with Pay-Per-View or PPV system in South AmÃÆ'Â © rica Argentina
Torneos y Competencias, is a sports event manufacturer and organization that broadcast the main matches of Argentine Football in four categories on TyC Sports and TyC Max
Brazil
In Serie A football matches (Six games per game) and Serie B (Four games per game) in two Brazilian Football categories are broadcast live on Premiere FC and SporTV. The Serie C Championship is live on SporTV with two matches per game on Pay TV. In other sports broadcast live on NBB TV (Exclusive Channel of the Brazil Basketball League in the Premium system)
Chile
In Chile, Chile's exclusive Football rights are owned by TV FÃÆ'ºtbol and broadcast live on a channel called Canal Del FÃÆ'ºtbol ( The Soccer Channel ), also known < b> CDF . Sports Field of S.A. has exclusive rights to the game in a professional Chilean basketball league, broadcasted live va CDO (Premium Signal)
Paraguay
The Teledeportes Business has the exclusive right to broadcast the main game directly from Paraguay Soccer in four categories va Tigo Max and Tigo Sports. Teledeport has live broadcasts live from Paraguayan Basketball League which broadcast live Monday at 7:55 pm on Tigo Max (K.O. 20:10) and Thursday at 8:00 on Tigo Sports (K. 20:15).
Uruguay
Tenfield business organizations and sporting organizations have exclusive television rights for Uruguay's flagship soccer and basketball matches, broadcast on VTV Max and VTV Sports.
Australia and Pacific Islands
Foxtel and Optus Vision introduced pay-per-view to home television in Australia in the mid to late 1990s. Foxtel has a TV show (until it changes to its current form; Main Event) while, Optus Vision has Major Attractiveness Per View as a provider. In 2005, Main Event is the current pay-per-view provider through Foxtel and subscribed to Optus cable/satellites.
Sky Pacific began service in Fiji in 2005 and then expanded to American Samoa, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati (East), Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu, with one out of their 25 channels, to Pay-Per-View.
Netflix is ​​available in Australia.
Asia
Malaysia
In Malaysia, Astro Astro Box Office was launched in 2000 in the form of "free-to-air" Astro Showcase.
Japanese
SkyPerfecTV customers can receive one-click pay-per-click access to hundreds of channels that supply both domestic and international sports events (including WWE events), movies and special programs, either directly or later on a continuous loop on their channel.
India
In India pay-per-view services operate; However, pay-per-view sports broadcasts are available. Now also live broadcasts like wwe.
See also
References
External links
- Capsule history in sports 2/etv/P/htmlP/payperview/payperview.htm Broadcast Communication Museum
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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