WNET , channel 13 (labeled as THIRTEEN ), is a non-commercial public television publication licensed to Newark, New Jersey, USA. With signals covering the New York metropolitan area, WNET is a member station, and the main program provider for the Public Service Broadcasting (PBS). WNET's main studio and office is located in Midtown Manhattan with an additional street-level studio at the Lincoln Center complex on the Upper West Side. The station transmitter is at the Empire State Building, with a planned relocation to One World Trade Center being processed in 2018.
Owned by WNET.org , formerly known as Educational Broadcasting Corporation , WNET is also the parent of the Long Island WLIW-based PBS station (channel 21) and operators of New Jersey PBS, network NJTV.
Video WNET
History
Independent station (1948-1962)WNET began airing on May 15, 1948, as WATV , a commercial television station owned by Atlantic Television, a subsidiary of Bremer Broadcasting Corporation. Frank V. Bremer, the CEO, also has two northern New Jersey radio stations, WAAT (970 AM, now WNYM) and WAAT-FM (94.7 MHz, now WNSH). The three stations are headquartered at the Mosque Theater (now Symphony Hall) at 1020 Broad Street in Newark. WATV was the first of three new stations in the New York City television market to air during 1948, as well as the first independent station. One unusual daytime program, Daywatch, consists of a camera that focuses on teletypewriter wire service news, interspersed with cut-aways for mechanical toys with light music soundtracks. Another early series by the station was Stairway to Stardom (1950-1951), one of the first TV series with African-American hosts.
On October 6, 1957, Bremer Broadcasting announced it had sold its $ 4.5 million station to National Telefilm Associates (NTA), the initial distributor of films for television, joined the NTA Film Network. On May 7, 1958, channel callsign 13 was changed to WNTA-TV to reflect new ownership; radio stations adopt this summons as well. The NTA cash resources allow WNTA-TV to generate program schedules with greater emphasis on people and events in New Jersey, compared to other commercial television stations. The NTA also seeks to make channel 13 a syndicated national programming center and produce some such entries, in particular the Play Drama antithesis play series ; talk show Open End , hosted by David Susskind; children's event The Magic Clown ; and popular dance programs favored by Clay Cole. But WNTA-TV continues to lag behind other independent New York stations - WNEW-TV (channel 5, now WNYW), WOR-TV (channel 9, now WWOR-TV), and WPIX (channel 11) - in terms of audience size, and the NTA pays off a lot of debt. National Telefilm Associates placed the WNTA station for sale in February 1961.
Transitions (1957-1962)
At least three potential buyers expressed interest in WNTA-TV. The most notable are the New York City-based Television Education Group for the Metropolitan Area (ETMA), business consortiums, cultural leaders, and educators intent on turning channel 13 into an educational station. At this time, it is clear that the non-commercial frequency that the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) originally allocated to the city, UHF 25 channel, will not be enough to cover the market that runs from Fairfield County, Connecticut north to Ocean County, New Jersey to the south. Prior to 1964, when the FCC required television manufacturers to include UHF tuners in the newer set according to the All Channel Act, most viewers could not see UHF stations except with expensive converters; only a few manufacturers are making sets with built-in UHF tuning. Even for those who can access the UHF station, its reception is very minimal even in the best condition.
With help from the University of New York State, ETMA had tried to buy channel 13 and turn it into a non-commercial station in 1957, when Bremer Broadcasting first put the station on the block; this offer was later withdrawn. This time ETMA competes with the founding president of NTA Ely Landau, who has resigned from the company to lead his own business for this; and by David Susskind, who received financial support from Paramount Pictures.
ETMA initial bid of $ 4 million was rejected by the NTA, but the group remains persistent. With the support and guidance of National Educational Television (NET) already in their pockets, the ETMA then received support from the newly appointed FCC chairman Newton Minow, who founded a public hearing to discuss the fate of channel 13. The pendulum quickly shifted support for non-commercial, and private companies attracted their interest.
On June 29, 1961, ETMA agreed to buy WNTA-TV for $ 6.2 million. Approximately $ 2 million of that amount comes from five of the six remaining commercial VHF stations (WPIX is the sole determinant), all of which are happy to see competitors being eliminated. In addition, CBS then donated facilities in Manhattan to ETMA and NET for production purposes. The FCC approved the transfer in October, and changed the commercial license of channel 13 to non-commercial.
The upcoming Governor of New Jersey, Robert B. Meyner, responded to MPs' concerns about the continuation of the special program for New Jersey, and feared the FCC would move 13 channel allocations to New York City, petitioned the US Court of Appeals on September 6, 1961, to block WNTA-TV sales. The court ruled in favor of the state two months later.
The unresolved deal almost led to National Telefilm Associates reconsidering its decision to sell the station altogether, and the NTA made plans to move forward: WNTA-TV made the game for broadcasting rights for the New York Mets baseball team for its inaugural season in 1962. But confronted on the completion of the transaction or see it canceled, ETMA settled their differences with the New Jersey official on December 4, 1961. After the last few minutes appeared to cause further delay, the transfer became final on 22 December. , WNTA-TV came out for the last time. ETMA and NET then start working on changing stations, which they say will come back with a new format within three months.
Ten months later, channel 13 is ready to be born again. With the legendary CBS reporter Edward R. Murrow at the helm on the inaugural broadcast, ETMA - now the Nonprofit Education Broadcasting Institute - flipped the switch to WNDT (for " N ew D replication in T elevision ") on September 16, 1962. The return of channel 13 because WNDT gave the market the first New York City education station, and with dial positions on the coveted VHF band (in many other cities, including large, educational stations must be satisfied with UHF frequencies). The non-commercial UHF channel in New York, on the other hand, was signed as WNYE-TV four and a half years later in April 1967. Richard Heffner was appointed as the first general manager of WNDT, serving in that position in the first year; Heffner continues to appear on channel 13 as the producer and host of the Open Mind public affairs program until his death in December 2013.
Education station (1962-present)
During the transition period, and after its first broadcast, WNDT faced an immediate crisis. The American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (AFTRA) worry about the use of teachers - some of them union-certified players - on non-commercial television, and how they will be compensated if their work is distributed nationally.
AFTRA is called a strike on the morning of WNDT's debut. Engineers and technicians who are members of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers refuse to cross the AFTRA line, leaving station management and other non-union employees to produce the first three-hour broadcast. Soon after, channel 13 left again, as the strike continued for nearly two weeks. The striking workers returned WNDT into the air after ten days, and on 28 September, labor disputes were resolved. But the station's financial resources were depleted, requiring cash injections from the Ford Foundation to help keep the station operating.
NET originally wanted to combine its operations with WNDT, which would give this station a direct line of funding as well as make the main station channel 13 NET. The Ford Foundation, which supported both groups, stopped proposed merger on at least two different occasions (in 1962 and 1965).
The event that began in 1967 led the Ford Foundation to change its stance and encourage the WNDT-NET merger. The newly formed Corporations for Public Broadcasting (created by the actions of the United States Congress) initially supported the.NET network, while providing government funding for programming. But the move was followed two years later by the establishment of the Public Broadcasting Service as its own CPB distribution system - which is a direct threat to the.NET region. It has been intimidated that the creation of the CPB was an attempt to reduce the production of controversial NET documentary films and replace them with less controversial and government-friendly, less hostile airmen especially for Johnson, and then the Nixon government (NET ignored the demand and continued with the critically acclaimed documentary production ). At one point, President Nixon, frustrated by the NET documentary who criticized his administration, especially his handling of the Vietnam War, nearly succeeded in cutting the $ 20 million NET grant into half. As a result, this caused Ford and CPB to threaten NET with withdrawals in the early 1970s, unless it was combined with the station. Shortly thereafter, Ford brokered the merger of WNDT and NET, which came into force on June 29, 1970. Channel 13's callsign was changed to now WNET on October 1, 1970. NET halted network operations three days later, although WNET continued produced several events for the national PBS schedule with NET imaging until around 1972.
After the merger, David Loxton founded TV Lab in 1972 with support from the Rockefeller Foundation and the New York State Council on the Arts. TV Lab provides artists with equipment to produce video cuts through an artist-in-residence program. The Independent Documentary Fund and Video Tape Review series both produce Lab TVs. The Lab TV ended in 1984 when the Public Broadcast Corporation withdrew funds.
Studio and Channel 13 offices were originally located at the Mosque Theater at 1020 Broad Street in Newark, with a transmitter at First Mountain in West Orange, New Jersey, eventually moving to The Empire State Building and later, the World Trade Center. For a short time, the studio is located in the Gateway Center office building in Newark. The station eventually moved to Manhattan in 1982 and is based on West 58th Street at the Hudson Hotel, while retaining the Gateway Center studio for several more years. In 1998, he moved to 450 West 33rd Street, straddling the railroad to Pennsylvania Station. The Associated Press and many other media groups have their headquarters in the same building.
The Channel 13 transmitter facility, including a newly installed digital transmission system, was destroyed in the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. Gerard (Rod) Coppola, a 13-channel head-channel engineer, was among those who died when the north tower collapsed. His body was found on December 25, 2001. For the next ten months WNYE-TV, headquartered in Brooklyn, became a WNET surrogate and airwave: for them without wires, the repetition of WNET prime time schedules was broadcast on WNYE until Channel 13 was able to rebuild the transmission facility back at The Empire State Building. Some time later, in February 2003, WNET completed its merger with Long Island PBS WLIW broadcasters (licensed to Garden City and Plainview based), merging two stations into one operation. While most of the two stations' operations have been merged, they still have separate studio facilities, separate government boards, and separate fundraising efforts.
During 2009, WNET's parent company, WNET.org, suffered financial difficulties, and in January, the company reduced its workforce from 500 employees to 415, due to severe problems with budgets and fundraising. In October, WNET announced that his studio at 450 West 33rd Street would soon be on sale, as it no longer needed extra space. In November, WNET announced that all WNET.org employees would take unpaid leave for three to five days between Christmas and New Year, with the engineer's remaining crew skeleton during that time to keep the station in the air; however, they also had to be on leave in early 2010. In 2011, WNET moved its studios and offices to Worldwide Plaza.
WNET is only digital since June 12, 2009.
In 2014, The Tisch WNET Studios at Lincoln Center are built on the southwest corner of 66th and Broadway; this state-of-the-art facility has two television studios. This space can also accommodate lectures, playback, and intimate concerts.
The new facility is named in honor of James S. Tisch and his wife, Merryl H. Tisch, whose $ 15 million prize is the largest single donation of individuals in the history of WNET for nearly 50 years.
On July 1, 2011, WNET took over the New Jersey Network program, which was relaunched as NJTV. This network increases news coverage and issues related to New Jersey, as well as programming from WNET and PBS libraries. The transfer of the program to WNET is part of Governor Chris Christie's plan for the release of the New Jersey government from public broadcasting. As part of the agreement, WNET broadcasts the annual NJTV newscast at night, NJ Today (later renamed NJTV News on November 4, 2013), to fulfill its programming obligations local because it still operates at the frequency allocated to Newark. Previously, it has been broadcasting a newscast of NJN, NJN News , produced jointly with NJN.
On May 9, 2017, it was announced that WNET will continue broadcasting from the top of the World Trade Center at One World Trade Center at the end of the year.
Maps WNET
Digital television
Digital channels
Digital channel of this station multiplexing:
Outside the market
WNET is done in all Mercer County, New Jersey in Comcast, Cablevision and Verizon FIOS. This is also done in certain areas of Connecticut, especially those adjacent to the New York City market (in Fairfield County). This is also done in cables at Abaco in the Bahamas.
Original production
WNET has generated, created and/or presented a number of PBS events. This includes, but is not limited to:
** shows the program originally presented by Connecticut Public Television.
WNET has also produced programming for public television stations that are distributed outside the PBS system, including:
- Planet H2O
- In Mix: New Normal , production together with In Mix
- What's in the Factory
- What's in Technology
- What's in Finance
WNET is also a stock-producing entity of PBS NewsHour , along with Washington, D.C. PBS member station WETA-TV and MacNeil-Lehrer Productions. The show began in 1975 as a local news analysis program, Robert MacNeil Report . Jim Lehrer, who was a frequent guest on the MacNeil show, became co-hosted the following year, when the show was picked up by other PBS stations. Currently in 2014, WNET is generating a Weekend Edition PBS NewsHour while WETA-TV is producing the Weekday Edition.
Criticism and controversy
Misuse of federal grant
In 2010 the US Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York filed a lawsuit stating that the WNET subsidiary, the Educational Broadcasting Board, misappropriated $ 13 million in grants donated by the National Science Foundation, the National Endowment for Humanities and the National Endowment for the Arts between September 2001 and January 2008. The lawsuit asserts that WNET has used grant money granted for program production including American Masters, Great Performances and Cyberchase for other purposes. WNET settled the lawsuit in June 2010 by repaying the US government $ 950,000, pledging to create a program to ensure they respect all future federal grant requirements and agree not to receive $ 1,015,046 in federal grant money to be granted, WNET Representative President and General Counsel, Robert Feinberg, told The New York Times: "This is not a scenario we want to repeat and we have no intention of repeating it."
The effect of board members on programming
In November 2012, WNET is scheduled to show Alex Gibney, Park Avenue: Money, Power, and the American Dream produced by Independent Lens. The film compares the wealth gap between New York Park Avenue residents in the Bronx and the wealthy residents of Manhattan's exclusive block of apartments on 740 Park Avenue, including David Koch, a billionaire businessman and political activist. At that time Koch is a member of the WNET board and plans to make a "seven-figure donation - maybe more" for WNET. A furor erupted when The New Yorker revealed in May 2013 that to appease Koch, WNET president, Neal Shapiro, called Koch to offer him the opportunity to filter out the Gibney film before it was broadcast and denied it after it aired a written statement. Shapiro told The New Yorker that he had just called David Koch He was on our board He was the greatest character No other person, only David Koch, because he was a wali. I can not remember doing something like this [before]. "WNET replaced the introduction of the film by Stanley Tucci with a new introduction calling the film" controversial "and" provocative ". Immediately after the broadcast, they broadcast a statement from Koch Industries that criticized the film as "disappointing and divisive", although Koch's spokesman said David Koch was just watching the trailer. WNET followed the statement with a round table discussion in the air where moderators repeatedly mentioned that Koch's philanthropic contribution amounts to a billion dollars. Gibney was not invited to appear on a round table and was quoted as saying, "Why does WNET offer Mr. Koch's special treats? And why does the station allow Koch to offer criticisms of a movie he does not even see Money talks about trying to undermine the credibility of the film, and I do not have a chance to defend it ". Koch made no major donations to WNET and resigned from their council on May 16, 2013.
Ethical issues with funding
In September 2013, WNET launched a series called The Pension Peril , examining the sustainability of the public pension economy and promoting cutbacks for their funding. On December 18, 2013, Neal Shapiro, president and CEO of WNET was quoted in a press release as saying "this is a complex type of public policy story that only covers deep and sustainable public television.WNET is ready to lead and continue dialogue about this challenging situation in all public media, on PBS, public radio, and online ".
On February 12, 2014, PandoDaily reported that the only sponsor of The Pension Peril was a former Enron merchant John D. Arnold who had financially supported efforts to cut civil service pension benefits. Stephen Segaller, WNET's Vice President for Programming told The New York Times on February 13, 2014 that he had "absolute conviction" that Laura and the John Arnold Foundation are acceptable funders and funding does not violate the PBS rules "perception". On February 14, Segaller told The New York Times that WNET had reversed after discussing with PBS "both fact and optical.We are all very, very seriously any suggestion that there is a problem of perception of integrity. us or our funding sources, and we come to the conclusion that it's better to make mistakes on the side of caution. " WNET and PBS issued a joint statement stating that the series will continue on hiatus and WNET will refund the $ 3.5 million grant it has received from Laura and the John Arnold Foundation. Segaller said in a statement, "We made mistakes, pure and simple." PBS ombudsperson, Michael Getler, commented that the PandoDaily article "sheds light, again, on what I think is an ethical compromise in funding arrangements and a lack of real transparency for viewers is due, in part, to the intricate funding demands required to support public broadcasting, and partly by managers who made some of the decisions in question. "Getler added that WNET was" completely wrong "and that" their decision to receive a $ 3.5 million grant from the Arnold Foundation, with an interest expressed in "public employee benefit reforms , "narrowed the" perceptual exam "of PBS, which is part of the Standards and Practices of Funding services".
Ignoring public missions and mandates
At the end of 2014, WNET's programming head Stephen Segaller received widespread criticism for proposing to push the award-winning documentary strains of the Independent Lens and POV (TV series) out of the prime-time slot and to the secondary station, WLIW (Channel 21). More than 2,000 documentary films signed the petition, stating that WNET's actions will lead to performances marginalized by PBS affiliates nationally and have a very bad effect on making sophisticated documentary films. Among the prominent opponents of the rescheduling of POV and the Independent Lens are filmmakers Alex Gibney and Laura Poitras, who have campaigned against similar moves by WNET in 2012. TV Producer Norman Lear wrote an op-ed at The New York Times accusing WNET and PBS of pursuing a ranking that "can destroy the creation of independent documentary films." He criticized the broadcaster for "threatening, for the second time in four years, to lower the documentary, which is the heart of his public mission". Many subjects of POV and Independent Lenses closed - such as Koch brothers' influence on American politics in the movie Alex Gibney Park Avenue: Money, Power and American Dream > - has become controversial, leading Indie Caucus, a group of Independent filmmakers to speculate whether the provocative subject they explored might also put them into a more ambiguous TV schedule. Segaller says it's "absurd" to show that WNET has a sensor agenda when both programs have been running for more than a decade. "A moment of disagreement in the history of many years is not a conspiracy," he said. In April 2015 WNET relented and returned the two plots to their original slot.
Inaccuracy and improper influence
In June 2015, the media memforsir WNET to postpone the third season Finding Your Roots when the hacking of Sony Pictures was revealed through hacked emails that became the subject of the series, Ben Affleck, has lobbied for material relating to slaves that have relative removed from the show. Edits that violate the PBS ethical standards bring a harsh criticism from the media to WNET and event producers. PBS issued a statement saying "series producers violate PBS standards for failing to protect the creative and editorial processes from improper influence, and by not informing PBS or WNET of Mr. Affleck's efforts to influence program content." The statement promised that the episode would be withdrawn from the distribution and that the series would use an "independent genealogue to review all versions of the program's episode for factual accuracy". After the suspension of the Adweek series commented: "The network clearly understands that its integrity has been questioned by this controversy.Even if they understand where the show's producers come from when they decide to comply with the demand, PBS and the truths of all that are included in their documentary, conveying how seriously this violation is. "The series returned to the air in January 2016.
In popular culture
Billy Joel (who is from the greater New York area) calls WNET one of his 1982 "Pressure" lyrics. In it, Joel described the state of the incoming song character "Psych ward 1" and "Psych ward 2". He then says "All your life is channel 13. Sesame Street , what does it mean?"
WNET is also featured in "The Pledge Drive", an episode of the NBC sitcom, Seinfeld .
See also
- New York City Media
References
External links
- Official website
- Public Service Services
- the WNET logo and screenshots from 1950 to today
- FCC TV station request data for WNET
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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