Oscar Greeley Clendenning Hammerstein II ( ; 12 July 1895 - August 23, 1960) is an American librarian, theater producer, and (usually not recognized) director of musical theater for nearly forty years. Hammerstein won eight Tony Awards and two Academy Awards for Best Original Song. Many of his songs are a standard repertoire for vocalists and jazz musicians. He co-wrote 850 songs. Hammerstein is a writer and scriptwriter in his partnership; his collaborator wrote music. Hammerstein collaborated with many composers, such as Jerome Kern, with whom he wrote the Show Boat Vincent Youmans, Rudolf Friml, Richard A. Whiting, and Sigmund Romberg; but he's well-known for his collaboration with Richard Rodgers, as Rodgers and Hammerstein's duo that included Oklahoma! , Carousel , South Pacific , The King and I , and The Sound of Music .
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Oscar Greeley Clendenning Hammerstein II was born in New York City, son of Alice Hammerstein (nÃÆ' Â © e Nimmo) and theater manager William Hammerstein. His grandfather was the German theater impresario Oscar Hammerstein I. His father came from a Jewish family, and his mother was the daughter of Scottish and English parents. He grew up Episcopalian.
Although Hammerstein's father runs Victoria Theater for his father and is a vaudeville show producer, he opposes his son's desire to participate in art. Hammerstein studied at Columbia University (1912-1916) and studied at Columbia Law School until 1917. As a student, he maintained high marks and was involved in many extracurricular activities. This includes playing the first base on the baseball team, performing at the Varsity Show and becoming an active member of Pi Lambda Phi, which is largely a Jewish fraternity.
When he was 19, and still a student in Columbia, his father died of Bright disease, June 10, 1914, a symptom originally associated with a doctor against dengue fever. On the train journey to his funeral with his brother, he read the headlines at the New York Herald : "The Shocking Hammerstein's Death in the Theater Circle." The New York Times wrote, "Hammerstein, Barnum of Vaudeville, Dead and Forty." When he and his brother arrived home, they attended their father's funeral with their grandfather, and over a thousand others, at the Israeli Temple at Harlem, and took part in ceremonies held in the Jewish tradition. Two hours later, "the tap was heard on Broadway," wrote the biographer Hugh Fordin.
After the death of his father, he participated in his first drama with the Varsity Show, titled On Your Way . Throughout the rest of his college career, Hammerstein wrote and appeared in several Varsity Shows.
Maps Oscar Hammerstein II
Initial career
After quitting law school to pursue the theater, Hammerstein started his first professional collaboration, with Herbert Stothart, Otto Harbach and Frank Mandel. He began as an apprentice and proceeded to form a 20-year collaboration with Harbach. From this collaboration came his first musical, Always You, where he wrote books and lyrics. It opened on Broadway in 1920. In 1921 Hammerstein joined the club The Lambs.
Over the next 40 years, Hammerstein worked with many other composers, including Jerome Kern, with whom Hammerstein enjoyed a very successful collaboration. In 1927, Kern and Hammerstein got their biggest blow, Show Boat, which is often revived and still considered to be one of the masterpieces of American musical theater. "Here we come to an entirely new genre - music games that are distinguished from musical comedy... Now... the game is a thing, and the other is subject to the game... Now comes the complete integration of song, humor and production number into a single and inseparable artistic entity. "Years later, Hammerstein's wife Dorothy was angry when she heard the statement Jerome Kern wrote" Ol 'Man River. " "I do not," she replied. "Jerome Kern writes 'dum, dum, dum-dum.' My husband wrote 'Ol' Man River '. "
Other Kern-Hammerstein musicals include Sweet Adeline , Music in the Air , Three Sisters , and Very Warm for May . Hammerstein also collaborated with Vincent Youmans ( Wildflower ), Rudolf Friml ( Rose-Marie ), and Sigmund Romberg ( The Desert Song < New Moon ).
Rodgers and Hammerstein
Hammerstein's most successful and sustainable collaboration began when he teamed up with Richard Rodgers to write a musical adaptation of the Green Grow the Lilacs drama. Rodgers's first partner, Lorenz Hart, originally planned to collaborate with Rodgers on this, but his alcohol became uncontrollable, and he could not write. Hart is also not convinced that the idea has many advantages, and therefore both are separate. The adaptation became the first collaboration of Rodgers and Hammerstein, entitled Oklahoma! , which opened on Broadway in 1943. It continued the revolution started with Show Boat , by thoroughly integrating all aspects of musical theater, with songs and dances arising from and further developing the plot and characters. William A. Everett and Paul R. Laird write that this is a "show, that is, like 'Show Boat', a milestone, so that historians later write about important moments in the theater of the twentieth century will begin to identify the era according to them. relationship with 'Oklahoma.' "After Oklahoma! , Rodgers and Hammerstein are the most important contributors to the musical drama - with great work such as Carousel , King and I and South Pacific . The examples they set in creating important dramas, often rich in social thought, provide the necessary impetus for other talented writers to create their own musical drama ".
The Partnership continues to produce these and other Broadway musicals like Allegro , Me and Juliet , Pipe Dream , Flower Drum Song , and The Sound of Music , as well as the state fair State Fair (and its stage adaptations of the same name), and Cinderella's television music, all featured in revue < i> A Grand Night for Singing . Hammerstein also wrote books and lyrics for Carmen Jones, an adaptation of the opera Georges Bizet Carmen with a black actor who became Broadway musicals in 1943 and the 1954 film.
Death
Hammerstein died of stomach cancer on August 23, 1960, at his home Highland Farm in Doylestown, Pennsylvania, at the age of 65, shortly after the opening of The Sound of Music on Broadway. The last song he wrote was "Edelweiss", which was added towards the end of the second half during practice. This is not an Austrian folk song, but it has been written specifically for musicals. After his death, The Sound of Music was made into an adaptation of the 1965 hit movie, which won the Academy Award for Best Picture.
The Times Square lights are off for a minute, and the London West End lights are dimmed in recognition of their contribution to the musical. He was cremated, and his ashes were buried at the Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York. A memorial plaque was inaugurated at Southwark Cathedral, England, on May 24, 1961. He survived by his second wife, Dorothy, three children and two stepchildren.
Personal life
Hammerstein married his second wife, Dorothy (Blanchard) Jacobson (1899-1987) born in Australia, on May 13, 1929. He had three children: William Hammerstein (1918-2001) and Alice Hammerstein Mathias by his first wife, Myra Finn, and James Hammerstein by Blanchard. By Dorothy she also has a stepson, Susan Blanchard (whose four husbands include Henry Fonda and Richard Widmark), and a stepchild, Henry Jacobson.
Reputation
Hammerstein is one of the most important "authors of the book" in Broadway history - he makes stories, not songs or stars, which are important to musicals and bring musical theater to full maturity as an art form. According to Stephen Sondheim, "What few people understand is that Oscar's great contribution to the theater is as a theorist, as Peter Brook, as an innovator.People do not understand how experimental Show Boat and Oklahoma ! felt when they were done.Okcar is not about 'lark who learned to pray' - it's easy to make fun of him about Allegro . "
His reputation as a sentimental is largely based on the musical version of the film, especially The Sound of Music, where songs sung by those who want to achieve accommodation with the Nazis, "No Way to Stop", are cut. As the recent revival of Show Boat , Oklahoma! , Carousel and The King and I in London and New York show, Hammerstein is one of the more resilient and socially conscious American musical theater artists. According to Richard Kislan, "Rodgers and Hammerstein's performances are the result of sincerity.In the light of the criticisms directed against them and their sweet and lighthearted universe, it is important to understand that they believe sincerely in what they write." According to Marc Bauch, "Musical Rodgers and Hammerstein is a romantic musical drama." Love is important. "
According to Stanley Green's "Rodgers and Hammerstein Story," For three minutes, on the first night of September, the entire Times Square area of ​​New York City was blackened in honor of the man who had done so much to illuminate a certain part of the world. From 8:57 to 9:00 pm every neon light and every light bulb is turned off and all traffic is stopped between 42nd Street and 53rd Street, and between 8th Ave and Avenue of the Americas A crowd of 5,000 people, many with bowed heads, gathered at the base of Father Duffy's statue in Times Square where two trumpets blew on the tap. It was the most complete extension on Broadway since World War II, and the biggest award of its kind ever paid to one person. "
Songs
Hammerstein contributes the lyrics to 850 songs, according to Complete Lyric from Oscar Hammerstein II , edited by Amy Asch. Some famous songs are "Ol 'Man River", "Can not Help Lovin' That Man" and "Make Believe" from Show Boat ; "Call of Love of India" from Rose-Marie ; "People Will Say We Love" and "Oklahoma" (which has been an Oklahoma State official song since 1953) from Oklahoma; ; "Some Enchanted Evening", from the South Pacific ; "Know You" and "Shall We Dance" from The King and I ; and the song title as well as "Climb Ev'ry Mountain" from The Sound of Music .
Some of Hammerstein's musical albums are named after the "Songs of the Century" list compiled by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), National Endowment for the Arts, and Scholastic Corporation:
- Music Sound - # 36
- Oklahoma! - # 66
- South Pacific - # 224
- King and I - # 249
- Show Boats - # 312
Awards and inheritance
Hammerstein won two Oscars for the best original song - in 1941 for "The Last Time I Saw Paris" in the movie Lady Be Good, and in 1945 for "It Might As Well Be Spring" in > State Fair. In 1950, the Rodgers and Hammerstein team received the Hundred Year Association of New York Gold Medal Awards "in recognition of outstanding contributions to New York City."
Hammerstein won eight Tony Awards, six for lyrics or books, and two as Best Music producers ( South Pacific
His advice and work influenced Stephen Sondheim, a Hammerstein family friend since childhood. Sondheim attributes his success to the theater, and especially as a lyricist, directly to Hammerstein's influence and guidance.
Oscar Hammerstein's Oscar for Lifetime Achievement at the Musical Theater is presented every year. The York Theater Company in New York City is the Administrator of the award. The 2009 winners are Jerry Bock and Sheldon Harnick. The previous award recipients were composers such as Stephen Sondheim and players like Carol Channing. The 2010 award was given to Thomas Meehan.
Oscar Hammerstein adalah anggota dari American Theater Hall of Fame.
Referensi
Bacaan lebih lanjut
- Lovensheimer, Jim, 2010, Pasifik Selatan: Paradise Revisited, Oxford University Press, 2010, ISBNÂ 978-0-19-537702-6
- Bauch, Marc (2003). The American Musical . Tektum Verlag DE. ISBN: 3-8288-8458-X.
- Fordin, Hugh (1995). Mengenalnya: Biografi Oscar Hammerstein II . Da Capo Press. ISBN: 0-306-80668-1.
- Hischak, Thomas S. (2007). The Rodgers and Hammerstein Encyclopedia . Grup Penerbitan Greenwood. ISBNÂ 0-313-34140-0.
- Kislan, Richard (1995). The Musical: A Look at American Musical Theatre . Hal Leonard Corporation. ISBN: 1-55783-217-X.
Tautan eksternal
- Oscar Hammerstein II di Internet Broadway Database
- Oscar Hammerstein II di IMDb
- Musik oleh Rodgers dan Hammerstein
- Biografi Oscar Hammerstein II di Situs Resmi RNH
- Oscar Hammerstein II diwawancarai oleh Mike Wallace tentang The Mike Wallace Interview 15 Maret 1958
- Oscar Hammerstein di Library of Congress Authorities, dengan 487 catatan katalog
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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